Introduction
The origin of human beings can be divided into many stages. Primates are nothing but Subgroup of a larger group of mammals known as primates. The existence of hominoids can be traced by about in 24mya. Apes came under hominoids and had smaller brains. It has four legs although they moved on their four paws but unable to walk erect. The hominids belonged to the hominidae family. Hominids are subdivided into branches known as genus. A latin word Homo which means ‘man’ who came into existence approximately in 2.5 mya.
Subtopics
- Sources to understand early human history
- How was a Neanderthal man’s skull discovered?
- The story of human evolution
- The positive feedback mechanism
- The replacement and regional continuity model
- Theories(or) the central of human origin
- Early humans: Ways of obtaining food
- Early humans shelter
- Early humans: Making tools
- Modes of communication: Language
- Modes of communication: Art
- Hunter gatherer societies from the present to past
- Development between 10,000 and 4500 BCE in early human line
So now we are going to discuss a few important questions and answers which are very important.
Important questions and answers:
1. Discuss the arguments advanced in the favor of the regional continuity model of human origins. Do you think there is a convincing explanation for the archaeological evidence? Give the reasons for the answer?
Ans: According to regional sustainability models, Homo sapiens developed in different regions at different rates from modern humans. So there was a change in the first appearance of modern people in various parts of the world. This is based on regional differences in the characteristics of today’s society. Regional sustainability models do not provide a convincing explanation for archaeological evidence.
2. What is meant by replacement and regional continuity models?
Ans: The replacement model supports the view that the modern human beings originated in a single region. I.e Africa. In support of this view, most of the scholars tried to colarate the anatomical and genetics. Similarly of modern humans their ancestors belonged to one region and from where they migrated to different parts of the world.
The regional continuity model supports the view that the modern humans originated at several regions across africa, asia and europe to support their view the scholars tried to cooperate the anatomical difference of modern humans which indicates that they belonged to different regions.
3. The Earliest evidence of planned hunting where do we get? What does it depict?
Ans: We get the earliest evidence of planned hunting from european site Dolni vestonice, cenze republic this site is nearby a river and it is believed that it was deliberately used by people. During the autumn and spring seasons reindeer and horse crossed the river and were killed or hunted by early humans on a large scale. The choice of location shows that the community is familiar with the movements of birds and animals and is able to hunt them in large numbers.
4. Write differences between homo heidelbergensis and homo neanderthalensis?
| Homo heidelbergensis | Homo neanderthalensis |
|---|---|
| The earliest fossils have been excavated from Heidelberg in Germany | The earliest fossils were excavated from the Neanderthal Valley |
| Their fossils were discovered in 1858 | Their fossils were excavated in 1854 |
| The fossils come from Europe, Asia and Africa | The fossils have been found from several countries in Europe, West and Central Asia |
| You have a relatively larger brain, a thicker jaw, and heavier arms and legs | They had much larger brain size |
| They had thick hair on the body | They also had similar features |
| They belonged to homo sepainen species | They also belonged to homo speaninen species |
| They used to live in caves | They used to dwell in caves |
| Their fossils existed from 0.8 to 0.1 mya | They existected from 130000 to 35000 years ago |
5. Explain the effects of changing the environment around 12000 years ago?
Ans: Around 12000 years ago, there was a change in the climate of the world. There was an increase in the temperature of their environment. This has led to the development of grasslands in many areas, which in turn has led to an increase in the number of grazers such as deer, antelopes, goats, sheep, cattle, and others.
Conclusion:
This is some of the information about chapter ‘from the beginning of the time’ of class 11 history. Which is very important and useful in many of the competitive exams. And also there are many of the important questions given above.