Fibres are thin, flexible and have hair or thread-like structure. Usually fibres are obtained from two main sources : plants and animals. These fibers are called the natural fibres. Cotton, wool, silk are the examples of fibers.
Types of natural fibres: There are types of natural fibres:
- Plant fibres: These are obtained from plants sources like cotton, jute, coconut
fibre etc. - Animal fibres: These are obtained from animals like wool from sheep and silk from silkworm.
Fabrics
Fabrics are meant for clothing material, which is made by weaving or knitting threads. They are made from tiny threads-like fibres. These are twisted to make yarns. Rayon, cotton, linen, satin etc are the different types of fabrics.
Processing of a fibre into fabric: The complete process of producing fabrics from fibres include the following steps:
Either from plant or animal source extraction of fibres it may be of any source plant orelse animal.
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A group of yarn that has been extracted or staple fibers twisted into yarn.
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These yarns are tightly twisted and can be spun on various types of rolls, woven and knitted, with different amounts of thread put together to make cloth.
Finally, these fabrics are produced. Fabrics are treated with chemicals in the textile industry to make different types of clotting material like- cotton, wollen, silk etc.
Process of making cotton fabric
Cotton is picked up from the fields. The seeds are separated by combing. This process is known as ginning.
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Ginned cotton is compressed to form bales. These bales are sent to the spinning mills.
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The cotton fibres then turn loose like ropes.
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The strands are twisted to make yarns. This process is called cotton yarn spinning.
To make fabrics by weaving and knitting then the yarns are then used.
So now we are going to discuss a few questions and answers related to this chapter.
1. Classify the following fibres as natural or synthetic?
- Nylon
- Wool
- Cotton
- Silk
- Polyester
- Jute
Answer: Fibers which are obtained from nature, that is, from plants and animals are known as natural fibres and which are made by humans by using chemical methods are known as synthetic fibres. Wool and silk are obtained from animals. Cotton and jute are obtained from plants. So these are natural fibres. On the other hand nylon and polyester are prepared artificially so those are obtained from synthetic fibers.
2. State whether the given following statements are true or false:
- Yarn is made from fibres.
- The process of making fibres is spinning.
- The outer covering of a coconut is jute.
- The process of removing seeds from cotton is known as ginning.
- Weaving of yarn makes a piece of fabric.
- From the stem of the plant silk fibre is obtained.
- Polyester is a natural fibre.
Answer:
- True
- False
- False
- True
- True
- False
- False
3. Fill in the blanks
- Plant fibres are obtained from _________and _________
- Animal fibres are _________ and________
Answer:
- Fruits and Stems
- Wool and Silk
4. Mention cotton and jute are obtained from which parts of the plants?
Answer: From the fruit of cotton plant cotton fibres are obtained. The fruit of a cotton plant is known as cotton balls. From the stem of jute plants jute fibres are obtained.
5. Name any two items that are made from cotton fibre?
Answer: Baskets and ropes are the two items that are made from coconut fibres.
6. Discuss the process of making yarn from fibre?
Answer: This process is known as spinning. The fibres are first drowned out from their source and then twisted into yarn. The two devices used in spinning are takli and charkha.
Conclusion:
These are the questions and answers from chapter fibre to fabric which is a very easy and interesting chapter. It’s very easy to learn and understand. Everyone should learn this. It’s very helpful. From this chapter we can gain knowledge a lot.